Tornadoes are among the most destructive natural disasters, forming with little warning and leaving a trail of damage in their path. Unlike hurricanes or floods, tornadoes develop quickly, sometimes within minutes. That is why preparing your home before storm season starts is critical. Waiting until a tornado warning is issued may leave you with little time to take protective measures. Being prepared can make a difference in minimizing damage, protecting your loved ones, and ensuring you have the necessary supplies if a tornado strikes.

Identify a Safe Shelter in Your Home

One of the most important steps in tornado preparedness is finding a safe shelter inside your home. A storm shelter or basement is the safest option, as they provide strong structural protection. If you do not have access to a basement, consider these alternatives:

• An interior room on the lowest floor, such as a bathroom or closet
• A hallway without windows
• A stairwell or space under the stairs

Avoid windows, doors, and exterior walls, as tornado winds can shatter glass and cause debris to fly inside. If possible, reinforce your safe space with extra support, such as heavy furniture, a mattress, or thick blankets for added protection.

Secure Windows, Doors, and Roof

High winds can break windows, push open doors, and even tear off roofs. Strengthening these parts of your home can help prevent severe damage.

• Install storm shutters or use impact-resistant windows to prevent breakage. If these are not available, cover windows with plywood when a storm is approaching.
• Use strong deadbolts and heavy-duty hinges on doors to keep them secure. Reinforce garage doors with bracing kits or hurricane straps.
• Secure your roof with metal fasteners or hurricane clips to help it stay attached during strong winds. If you are building or replacing your roof, consider impact-resistant roofing materials.

Secure Outdoor Items and Vehicles

Unsecured outdoor items can become dangerous projectiles in strong winds. Taking simple steps to secure objects outside can reduce damage to your home and neighboring properties.

• Bring inside: Lawn furniture, grills, potted plants, and trash cans
• Anchor down: Sheds, playsets, and fences with ground stakes or heavy-duty fasteners
• Move vehicles: Park in a garage if possible. If not, park away from trees and power lines

If your area is prone to both tornadoes and flooding, consider using sandbags or other protective barriers to prevent water damage.

Trim Trees and Remove Weak Branches

Tree limbs and weak trees can break and cause serious damage to your home during a tornado. Regular maintenance can help minimize these risks.

• Trim dead or weak branches that could break off in strong winds
• Remove unstable or leaning trees near your home
• Keep trees well-spaced and plant wind-resistant species, such as oak or hickory, further away from your house

Taking these steps before tornado season can help prevent roof damage and broken windows caused by flying tree debris.

Prepare an Emergency Supply Kit

Having a well-stocked emergency kit can be a lifesaver if a tornado strikes. Keep your kit in your designated safe room, and make sure everyone in your household knows where it is.

Your emergency kit should include:

• Non-perishable food and bottled water (at least three days' worth)
• Flashlights and extra batteries
• First-aid supplies
• NOAA weather radio or battery-powered radio for updates
• Important documents (insurance papers, ID, medical records) in a waterproof container
• Medications and personal hygiene items
• Sturdy shoes and extra clothing

If you have pets, do not forget to pack extra food and a leash for them.

Create a Family Communication and Evacuation Plan

During a tornado, everyone must know what to do and where to go. Take time to create a plan and discuss it with your family.

• Choose a safe meeting place in case you get separated
• Write down emergency contact numbers and keep a copy in your kit
• Teach children how to call emergency services if needed
• Practice tornado drills so everyone reacts quickly in an emergency

Also, be aware of your local tornado warning system so you can take action immediately when an alert is issued.

Learn How to Shut Off Utilities

Tornadoes can damage power lines, gas pipes, and water systems. Knowing how to shut off your utilities can prevent gas leaks, electrical fires, and flooding after a storm.

• Gas: Turn off the main gas valve if you smell gas or suspect a leak
• Electricity: Shut off the main breaker if there is flooding or damage to your home
• Water: Close the main water valve to prevent contamination or leaks

Keep a wrench or tool near your shutoff valves for quick access.

Review Your Insurance Policy

Tornado damage can be expensive, so it is wise to check your homeowner’s insurance policy before storm season. Look for:

• Coverage for wind and storm damage
• Additional flood insurance if your area is prone to heavy rain
• Inventory records and photos of your home and belongings for documentation

Store important documents in a safe, waterproof container in case you need to file a claim.

Stay Updated and Take Action When Needed

Being aware of tornado warnings and alerts is one of the best ways to stay safe. Make sure you have multiple ways to receive alerts, such as:

• NOAA Weather Radio for real-time updates
• Smartphone apps and weather notifications
• Local news and emergency broadcasts

Know the difference between:

• Tornado Watch: Conditions are right for a tornado to form—be prepared
• Tornado Warning: A tornado has been spotted—seek shelter immediately

If a tornado warning is issued:

• Go to your safe shelter right away
• Cover your head and protect yourself from flying debris
• Stay indoors until you get an all-clear signal